中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
台湾民众何以摆脱“用电的烦恼”?****** 新华社台北1月18日电(记者赵博、黄扬)最近,台湾电力公司(以下简称“台电”)的一则提示成为热门民生话题。提示说,春节假期工厂停产、公司歇班,用电量减少,流经地下电缆的电力大幅降低,电缆产生大量无效电力灌至系统,造成电压可能升高逾一成,因此呼吁民众外出要拔掉插头,避免家中电器设备烧损故障。 春节年年有,为何今年要特别提示“拔插头”?专业人士及舆论指出,其实问题在于风光电等不稳定电力在台湾总电力系统中的占比上升,让电压变得不易控制。 近年来,台湾当局大力发展再生能源发电。据《联合报》报道,冬季风力发电旺盛、光伏发电效率趋佳,使得今年春节期间风光电在全台总电力系统中的占比可能突破30%。 新竹清华大学工程与系统科学系特聘教授李敏表示,当再生能源发电量过高时,发电和用电的动态平衡会出现波动,影响电网稳定性。电压上升不仅可能导致烧坏电器,还可能造成电线起火,成为公众安全问题。 《风传媒》专栏文章分析,当局不遗余力发展绿电,再生能源发电过剩时的储能设施却没有及时跟上。目前的法令又不允许电力公司弃再生能源,于是只能让电压上升。 “配套不足下,民进党离岸风机一支一支插,光电板一片一片种,不只破坏海岸、鱼塭,产生一大堆官商勾结的黑金利益,弄了半天,供电还不稳定。”有岛内资深媒体人在社交媒体上发文说,辛苦了一年,春节好不容易放个长假出远门,还得为家中电器提心吊胆。连供电都不稳定,怎么过好年? 如果说电压不稳定是台湾民众新近的烦心事,那么,停电无疑是徘徊在人们心头的沉重苦恼。 从2017年“8·15大停电”到2021年5月连续两次大停电,再到2022年3月殃及逾500万户的全台停电,以及2022年7月无预警停电频发,电力紧缺越来越成为困扰台湾产业发展、影响民众生活的“紧箍咒”。 据岛内媒体报道,第二核电厂2号机将在3月中旬停机,用于递补进入岁修的大潭7号机的燃气机组却受疫情影响工程延宕,无法按时并网测试。因此,今年春季恐怕供电吃紧。 尽管台当局经济主管部门负责人保证“努力进行调度”,民众还是忧心忡忡,生怕苦不堪言的大停电“又来几遍”。连台电也无奈表示,届时只能祈祷老天爷帮忙,“天气不要太热”。 台湾供电系统以备转容量(即当天实际可调度的发电量扣除使用后剩下的余量)作为电力盈缺指标。当备转容量率低于6%,就会亮起象征“供电警戒”的橙色灯号,介于6%至10%之间,则为象征“供电吃紧”的黄色灯号。 《风传媒》引述台湾“中央大学”讲座教授梁启源的分析指出,近年再生能源包括太阳光电、风力发电等执行率均打折扣,燃气电厂则有供气不足的问题,未来三年岛内供电系统的备转容量率预计均在10%以下。 他还说,由于再生能源发电占比增加,夜间没有太阳无法发电,预计未来夜间的电力供应容易发生缺口,备转容量率恐将低于3%。只要有一部大型机组故障,就会发生大停电。 让民众不断承受“用电的烦恼”,究竟是谁的错?此间舆论指出,“非核家园”能源政策难辞其咎。 “非核家园”被称作民进党的“神主牌”,民进党2016年上台后不久就在台立法机构通过相关法案规定,全面优惠绿电发展,电商的发电配比必须符合能源政策目标(天然气50%、燃煤30%、再生能源20%),同时在2025年前彻底关停核电。 事实证明,这个能源转型计划让台湾吞下了发电成本暴涨、空气污染加重等种种恶果。尤其是明知主要依靠进口天然气等燃料火力发电,民进党仍加码喊出“电价冻涨”的政治口号,导致台电亏损严重,2022年亏损高达2675亿元新台币(约合598亿元人民币)。 不久前,民进党当局又推出新的“减碳目标”,计划2030年电力配比调整为“523”,即燃煤降为两成、再生能源提升到三成。 对此,《中国时报》指出,如果相关配套做得不足,再生能源大量并网可能造成系统惯量不足,电网频率失衡,导致跳机停电风险。台湾大学电机工程学系特聘教授刘志文分析说,唯有建好“三道防线”,包括加严再生能源并网技术规范、调整电能控制系统、增加储能设施与需量反应,才能有效降低绿能并网冲击。 春节一天天临近,业界和民众都期待新的一年景气好转,诸事顺遂。然而,民进党当局耽于“口水”保证,却不知检讨和修正能源政策,台湾社会“用电的烦恼”恐怕仍将挥之不去。(新华网) 中国网客户端 国家重点新闻网站,9语种权威发布 |